Permanent waving of hair



Dec. 16, 1941. wlLLAT 2,266,111

PERMANENT WAVING OF HAIR Filed June 26, 1937 SECTI 0N THRU "fi-a" v r lINVENTOR.

Patented Dec. 16, 1941 PERMANENT WAVING OF HAIR Arnold F. Willat, SanRafael, CaliL, assignor to said Arnold F. Willat, trustee ApplicationJune 26, 1937, Serial No. 150,574

12 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in the process for cold permanentwaving of hair.

Cold permanent waving of hair means the permanent waving of hair by theuse of chemicals but without the use of applied heat above bodytolerance. I

The principalobjects of this invention are to provide a method of:

(a) Giving a permanent wave on a human head, using quick actingchemicals on rolled hair but without using applied heat.

(b) Permitting the use of softening chemicals in the giving of apermanent wave, using the present methods of winding, and controllingthe (d) Neutralizing a prior chemical in a roll of hair while in woundform.

(e) Forcibly drying hair while in wound form.

Additional advantages and objects will appear as the specificationproceeds.

It is understood that various changes may be made in the one describedform of the invention and in minor details of the process, within thescope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit orsacrificing any of the advantages of the invention, for example thecurling rods, as hereinafter described, may be open at both ends so thatchemicals may be carried from one rod to another, and for winding hairin the so-called spiral fashion (helically) the outside surface of thecurling rod may be of more uniform diameter and the ends of the hairfastened in any of the usual modes. In the accompanying drawing, whichexemplifies one form of apparatus for practicing the process,

Figure I shows side view of curling rod with clamping frame and tongue,open.

Figure II shows top view of curling rod with clamping frame in lockedposition and tongue closed.

Figure III shows a sectional side view of curling rod only. 1

Figure IV shows an end view of curling rod with clamping frame open andtongue closed.

The process may best be described in connection with description of oneform of apparatus which may be employed for practicing the steps of themethod. There is provided a curler which consists of rod I with a tongue2 for holding the ends of the hair in winding (croquignole fashion) andclamping frame 3 for keeping hair from unwinding, as ordinarily is usedin making water curls. Clamping frame 3 is hinged to ears 4 formed onthe collar I2 which is free to rotate on curling rod but which cannotcome off. The ends of the clamping frame 3 are in the form of hooks I3which produce a friction on the end of the curling rod when clampingframe 3 is in closed position. The clamping lock III on therod I thereis nipple I for connecting to a rub v ber tube, to which may beconnected any suitable forcing pressure means such as well-known bulboustypes.

Through center of curling rod I, from nipple I to the last hole 5, thereis a bore 8. I

Near one end of curling rod I are trunnions 9 upon which the tongue 2 ishinged.

By curling tube is meant a curling rod with a bore through center,either part way or all the way.

The preferred method of operation is as follows:

A lock of hair is wet with water, the end is caught between tongue 2 androd I, then wound on rod I and tongue 2 in usual way spirally overitself, to near the scalp, whereupon clamp frame 3 is locked in closedposition in recess II to prevent hair from unwinding. As many curlersasdesired may be used.

A hair softening chemical is now forced, by means of pressure, throughbore 8 and out directively to the hair through holes 5 and distributedby grooves B through wound hair. By a hair softening chemical is meantany chemical which will relieve the strains in the cellular structure ofthe hair due to its bent position around the curler.

When softening solution has been on the hair for the desired length oftime, water is then forced through bore 8 and out through holes 5 torinse solution from hair.

Any chemical that will rinse or neutralize the hair softening solutionand thereby harden the cellular structure of the hair, may be forcedthrough the wound hair in like manner.

After rinsing or neutralizing is completed, hair may be dried in woundposition by forcing warm dry air through curler and hair.

The permanent waving is completed and the hair should then be unwound.

Wetting the hair before winding is not essential.

In\ the next four following paragraphs are given\examples of chemicalswhich may be employed in the process, with varying conditions oftreatment, but these are by way of example only and are not a limitationof the invention.

Some hair softening chemicals, such as strong hydroxides of the metalssodium or potassium,

tion to neutralize these solutions and even dry them out of the woundhair so that the hair will remain permanently curled.

Other hair softening chemicals, such as certain sulphides, do notrequire a neutralizing or a drying out, but a water rinse only issufllcient in order to leave the hair in such strong condition that itwill retain the permanent wave.

The standard hot wave curling solutions will also produce the permanentby this cold method without rinsing, neutralizing or drying,.while thechemical through the roll of hair, and removing the said chemical fromsaid roll after sufiicient softening of the hair, while maintaining theroll of hair at a temperature comfortable to unprotected body tolerance,the forcing action contributing to more accurate timing and control of gthe steps of the waving process.

2. A process for the cold permanent waving of hair on the human headcomprising forming a lock of hair into a roll, forcing a softeningchemical through the roll of hair, and forcing a rinsing fluid throughsaid roll of hair to remove the softening chemical, while maintainingthe roll of hair at a temperature comfortable to unprotected human bodytolerance,.the forcing action contributing'to more accurate timing andcontrol of the steps of the waving process.

3. A process for cold permanent waving of hair on the humanheadcomprising forming a lock of hair into a roll, forcing a hair softeningchemical through the roll of hair, leaving the said softening chemicalin said roll of hair for a predetermined length of time and then rinsingsaid roll with a neutralizing chemical, while maintaining the roll ofhair at a temperature comfortable to unprotected body tolerance, theforcing action contributing to more accurate timing and control of thesteps of the waving process.

4. A process for cold permanent waving of hair on the human headcomprising the steps of forming a lock of hair into a roll having anopening therethrough, forcing of a chemical capable of softening hairthrough the thickness of the body of the roll of hair, removing saidchemical after a predetermined length of time, and meanwhile maintainingthe roll of hair at a temperature comfortable to unprotected human bodytolerance, the forcing action contributing to more accurate timing andcontrol of'the steps of the waving process. I

5. In a process for the cold permanent waving of hair on the human head,steps including applying a hair softening solution to a lock of hair andthe forming of the lock of hair into a roll, and the step of forcing arinsing fluid through the roll of hair, while maintaining the rolledhair at a temperature comfortable to unprotected human body tolerance,the forcing action. contributing to more accurate timing and control ofthe steps of the waving process.

6. A process for the cold permanent waving of hair on the human headcomprising the winding of hair into a tubular body form, forcing a hairsoftening chemical through the thickness of the body of the wound hairbetween the inner and outer faces of the tubular body and forcing arinsing chemical through the body of the wound hair in the same mannerto remove the softening chemical therefrom, the forcing actioncontributing to more accurate timing and control of the steps of thewaving process.

7. A process for cold permanent waving of hair on the human headcomprising the winding of a lock of hair into a tubular form, forcing ahair softening chemical through the wound hair from the inside of thetubular form thereof, and after a definite time rinsing the softeningchemical from the wound hair by forcing a rinsing solution through theroll of hair, the forcing action contributing to more accurate timingand control of the steps of the waving process.

8. A process for the cold permanent waving of hair on the human headcomprising the wetting of the hair with a liquid, winding a lock of thewet hair into a tubular roll, forcing a hair softening chemical throughthe wound hair, removing the said softening chemical with liquid after apredetermined length of time while maintaining the rolled hair at atemperature comfortable to unprotected human body tolerance, the foreingaction contributing to more accurate timing and control of the steps ofthe waving process.

9. A process for the cold permanent waving of hair on a human headcomprising the wetting of the hair with a liquid,,winding-the wet hairinto rolls, forcing a hair softening chemical through the wound hairrolls, and forcing a rinsing solution through the wound hair to removethe said softeningchemical after it has caused a softening of the hair,the forcing action contributing to more accurate timing and control ofthe steps of the waving process.

10. A process for the cold permanent waving of hair on the human headcomprising the forcing of a hair softening chemical through a roll ofhair and drying the hair by forcing air through the roll after thedesired amount of softening of the hair has taken place, the forcingaction contributing to more accurate timing and control of the steps ofthe waving process.

11. A process for the cold permanent wavin of hair on a human headcomprising the steps of forming a lock of hair into a roll, directivelyinducing a pressure activated flow of hair softening chemical liquidthrough the rolled hair, removing the said chemical from said roll aftersufficient softening of the rolled hair while maintaining the rolledhair at a temperature comfortable to unprotected body tolerance, thedi-| rectively induced pressure actuated flow contributing to moreaccuratetiming and control of the steps of the waving process. I

12. A process for the cold permanent waving of hair on a human headcomprising the steps of forming a lock of hair into a roll, directivelyinducing a pressure activated flow of hair softening chemical liquidthrough the rolled hair by pressure, removing the said chemical fromsaid roll after sufficient softening of the rolled hair, whilemaintaining the rolled hair at a temperature comfortable to unprotectedbody tolerance, the directively induced pressure actuated flowcontributing to more accurate timing and control of the steps of thewaving process.

ARNOLD F. wmn'r.

